Module 01 — Protection Relaying

The art of keeping
the grid in balance.

A studio for the engineers who commission protection. Phasor diagrams, impedance planes and trip characteristics — drawn with the care of a technical plate, and learned the way a craft is learned.

8
studies
4
relay vendors
CMC 356
test workflows
RXZ1Z2
Plate I · Mho distance characteristic — Zones 1 & 2

Training Modules

Index
  1. 01

    Feeder Overcurrent

    Inverse-time grading on a radial feeder — the first instinct of protection.

    50 / 51Beginner · 45 min
  2. 02

    Earth Fault

    Reading the residual current 3I₀ to catch the faults phase elements miss.

    50N / 51NBeginner · 40 min
  3. 03

    Directional Overcurrent

    Polarising the element so it only looks the way the fault current flows.

    67 / 67NIntermediate · 60 min
  4. 04

    Coordination Study

    Stacking time–current curves so the nearest device clears, and only it.

    TCCIntermediate · 75 min
  5. 05

    Transformer Differential

    Telling a true internal fault from magnetising inrush by its harmonics.

    87TAdvanced · 90 min
  6. 06

    Restricted Earth Fault

    A high-impedance boundary that stays stable through external faults.

    64 REFAdvanced · 60 min
  7. 07

    Distance Protection

    Drawing reach as impedance — the mho circle on the R–X plane.

    21Advanced · 90 min
  8. 08

    Busbar Protection

    Holding a whole bus inside one high-impedance differential zone.

    87BAdvanced · 90 min